Thyroid disease affects hormone production and can impact overall health. Learn about the different types of thyroid disease as well as symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Health ConditionsThyroid Disease

Thyroid Disease

Thyroid disease refers to all conditions affecting the thyroid gland and how much thyroid hormone it can make; these include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, and different types of thyroid disease. You might experience fatigue, weight changes, temperature sensitivity, and mood swings. Treatment depends on the condition and may include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. As a part of treatment or to offset the effects of thyroid gland removal, you may need to take a lifelong prescription of thyroid hormone supplements.

Common Questions & Answers

What are common thyroid symptoms?

Hypothyroidism symptoms include slow heart rate, fatigue, weight gain, cold sensitivity, dry skin and hair, low mood, constipation, and heavy menstruation. Hyperthyroidism can cause rapid heart rate, sleep issues, weight loss, heat sensitivity, clammy skin, anxiety, and irregular periods.

Autoimmunity is a common cause of thyroid disease. Thyroid damage during radiation therapy or surgery, certain cancer medications that affect the immune system, and iodine deficiency can also affect thyroid function.

Some types, like subacute thyroiditis, can fully heal. However, other thyroid diseases or treatments can result in a lifelong need for synthetic thyroid hormone. Speak to a doctor about the outlook for your type of thyroid disease.

Doctors diagnose thyroid disease through blood tests measuring thyroid hormone levels and imaging scans to check for nodules. A thyroid uptake and scan can differentiate between causes of hyperthyroidism and identify nodules that are producing too much thyroid hormone.

It’s best to avoid foods with excess iodine, such as seaweed soup. Ask a healthcare professional about the best diet for your type of thyroid disease.

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Resources
  1. Thyroid Disease. Cleveland Clinic. March 25, 2024.

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