Cardiovascular Diseases
Common Questions & Answers
Coronary artery disease, a condition where plaque buildup narrows the arteries that supply blood to the heart, is the most common type of heart disease. Heart attacks, stroke, heart valve problems, and abnormal heart rhythms also are common.
Eating foods that are high in saturated or trans fats, sodium, and sugar can increase the risk of heart disease. Eating lean protein, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and unsaturated fats can prevent or improve heart problems.
A combination of aerobic exercise (like walking, running, or biking) and strength training is the best regimen for cardiovascular health. Aim for at least 30 minutes of cardio daily, and strengthen your muscles at least twice a week.
Your healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your personal health and family history. Tests like blood work, electrocardiograms, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging may also be ordered.
Yes, chronic stress can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, and an increased risk of a heart attack or stroke. Stress releases hormones like adrenaline, which revs the body up.

Chung Yoon, MD
Medical Reviewer

Anurag Sahu, MD
Medical Reviewer
Anurag Sahu, MD, is the director of the adult congenital heart program at Inova Health System in Fairfax, Virginia. Previously, he was an associate professor of medicine as well as an associate professor of radiology at Emory University in Atlanta, where he also served as director of cardiac intensive care.
He attended medical school at the University of Missouri in Kansas City in its combined six-year BA/MD program. He then completed his internal medicine residency at Washington Hospital Center in Washington, DC; fellowship training at Rush University in Chicago; and advanced training in cardiac imaging and adult congenital heart disease at The Ohio State University in Columbus.
Dr. Sahu has published book chapters on cardiovascular imaging as well as a variety of journal articles in publications including The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplant, JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions, and the Journal of Thoracic Imaging.
Among the places that his career has taken him, his favorite was Kauai, Hawaii, where he was the only cardiologist on the island.

Adam Lake, MD
Medical Reviewer
Adam Lake, MD, is a family physician with expertise in LGBTQIA+ health, as well as an HIV specialist and addiction medicine specialist. He is medical director of a clinic specializing in primary care, HIV, and gender-affirming care. He received a bachelor's in biochemistry with an interdisciplinary concentration in linguistics from Grinnell College in Iowa in 2006. He then completed his MD at Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. He completed his family medicine residency, HIV area of concentration, and population health fellowship at Lancaster General Health in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 2015.
Dr. Lake is an actively practicing physician with primary areas of interest in the intersectionality of marginalized populations and empowering people's health journey with compassion and collaboration. His work focuses on meeting people where they are and bringing care to them. His clinic has expanded access to STD testing and access to preexposure prophylaxis against HIV, and he serves as the tuberculosis physician for his local office of the department of health.
In addition to his work as a physician and for Everyday Health, Lake frequently teaches students and residents, lectures regionally and nationally on related topics, and has published in national journals.

Lynn Grieger, RDN, CDCES
Medical Reviewer
Lynn Grieger is a registered dietitian-nutritionist, certified diabetes care and education specialist, certified personal trainer, and certified health and wellness coach. She completed requirements to become a registered dietitian at Valparaiso University in 1987 and completed a dietetic internship at Ingalls Memorial Hospital in Harvey, Illinois, in 1988.
Lynn brings her expertise in nutrition, exercise, and behavior change to her work in helping people reach their individual health and fitness goals. In addition to writing for Everyday Health, she has also written for websites and publications like Food and Health Communications, Today's Dietitian, iVillage.com, and Rodale Press. She has a passion for healthy, nutrient-dense, great-tasting food and for being outdoors as much as possible — she can often be found running or hiking, and has completed a marathon in every state.

Michael Cutler, DO, PhD
Medical Reviewer
Michael Cutler, DO, PhD, is a cardiac electrophysiologist at Intermountain Heart Rhythm Specialists in Salt Lake City, Utah. His research interests include understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia, gene therapy for cardiac arrhythmias, neural control of the circulation in sleep apnea, role of exercise in health and disease, and improving the management of cardiac arrhythmias (i.e., atrial fibrillation).
He completed his BS and MS in exercise physiology and was a member of the track/cross country team at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. Prior to attending medical school, Dr. Cutler was an adjunct clinical instructor in the College of Health at the University of Utah and also served on the Utah Governor’s Council on Health and Physical Fitness. He then attended the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth for medical school and for his PhD in cardiovascular physiology.
After medical school, Cutler entered the highly selective ABIM Research Pathway physician-scientist training program at the MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. During this time, he completed his clinical training in internal medicine, cardiology and clinical cardiac electrophysiology, served as chief cardiology fellow, and received the Kenneth M. Rosen Fellowship in cardiac pacing and electrophysiology from the Heart Rhythm Society. Following residency and fellowship, Cutler accepted a position as an assistant professor of medicine at the MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University until he joined his current partners at Intermountain Heart Rhythm Specialists.
Cutler's research has received meritorious recognition from the American Physiological Society, the American Heart Association, and the Heart Rhythm Society.
Cutler has been an author on publications in journals such as Circulation, Circulation Research, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, and Nature. He is board certified in internal medicine, cardiovascular disease, and clinical cardiac electrophysiology through the American Board of Internal Medicine.

Sanjai Sinha, MD
Medical Reviewer
Dr. Sinha did his undergraduate training at the University of California in Berkeley, where he graduated magna cum laude. He earned his medical degree at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1998 and completed his internship and residency training at the New York University School of Medicine in 2001. Subsequently, he worked with the Department of Veterans Affairs from 2001 to 2012 and held faculty appointments at both the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
In 2006, he won the VISN3 Network Director Award for Public Service and a commendation from the secretary of Veterans Affairs for his relief work after Hurricane Katrina. He joined Weill Cornell Medical College in 2012, where he is an assistant professor of clinical medicine and the director of the care management program, as well as a practicing physician.
In addition to his work for Everyday Health, Sinha has written for various publications, including Sharecare and Drugs.com; published numerous papers in peer-reviewed medical journals, such as the Journal of General Internal Medicine; and presented at national conferences on many healthcare delivery topics. He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians.

Paul Boyce, MD, MPH
Medical Reviewer
Paul Boyce, MD, MPH, is the medical director of the pulmonary hypertension program at Northside Hospital in Atlanta. He is a board-certified pulmonologist and intensivist, and his main clinical interests are pulmonary hypertension and sarcoid and occupational lung diseases.
- What Is Cardiovascular Disease? American Heart Association. January 10, 2024.
- Heart Disease Facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 24, 2024.









